Safety in Azerbaijan

When relocating to Azerbaijan for safety reasons, you’ll find that most expats settle in Baku, which sits far from conflict zones. The situation regarding the Armenia border and the Nagorno-Karabakh region has shifted dramatically since 2023. Although tensions have eased, these formerly disputed areas demand caution, and you’d do well to avoid discussing these sensitive matters with locals.

The good news? Baku boasts lower crime rates than many world capitals. That said, take normal precautions during your stay in Azerbaijan and keep tabs on security developments and local regulations.

Crime in Azerbaijan

Crime rates in Azerbaijan are relatively low, with Baku ranking as one of the safer capital cities in the region. Still, petty criminals target tourist hotspots and crowded areas. Foreign visitors have reported home burglaries, robbery and assault, although such incidents rarely occur. Women face unwanted male attention and should exercise caution when travelling alone, particularly after dark.

Watch out for bank card fraud when withdrawing cash or using credit cards. Avoid street ATMs completely, and inform your bank about planned international transactions. Report any suspicious activity straight away.

While martial law was briefly imposed during the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, these measures were lifted in December 2020. The government can swiftly change regulations, so check with your embassy for current information.

Working in Azerbaijan

Human rights issues in Azerbaijan

Human rights issues in Azerbaijan are an ongoing concern, with international organisations flagging concerns about freedom of speech and expression. Journalists and human rights lawyers criticising the government risk arrest or harassment, and the LGBTQ+ community faces intimidation. Although homosexuality isn’t illegal, the LGBTQ+ community lacks legal protection. Discrimination persists, and public displays of affection may see social disapproval, especially outside Baku.

Criticising the government or the ruling Aliyev family constitutes an offence, so steer clear of political discussions. The authorities monitor social media, and critical posts can land you in hot water.

Corruption in Azerbaijan

Corruption in Azerbaijan runs deep, touching nearly all aspects of daily life. The 2024 Corruption Perceptions Index from Transparency International gives the country just 22 points out of 100, placing it 154th among 180 nations. If your work or business brings you to Azerbaijan, stay alert to potentially corrupt dealings and take time to grasp local business customs.

Doing Business in Azerbaijan

Nagorno-Karabakh conflict in Azerbaijan

The Nagorno-Karabakh situation underwent dramatic changes in 2023. After Azerbaijan’s military operation in September 2023, the region fell fully under Azerbaijani control. The self-declared Republic of Artsakh was officially dissolved on 1 January 2024, with most ethnic Armenians fleeing the area – nearly 100,000 people crossed into Armenia in just one week.

Although Azerbaijan now governs all seven districts of Nagorno-Karabakh, the conflict’s aftermath still haunts the region. Major governments, including the UK and the US, urge caution when travelling to these areas. The Nagorno-Karabakh issue is a powder keg topic in Azerbaijan, and it is best left undiscussed with locals. The government has launched trials against former Armenian officials from the region, underscoring the ongoing tensions.

Road safety in Azerbaijan

Road safety poses real dangers in Azerbaijan. Many drivers show reckless behaviour, traffic signs and rules are often ignored, and accidents happen frequently. If you live in central Baku, the metro offers a safer transport option, but if you must drive, stay defensive and hyper-aware of risks.

When winter brings snow, pack emergency supplies in your vehicle: a blanket, shovel, old carpet (for traction) and torch in case you get stranded. Skip night driving outside major cities, where poor lighting and road conditions create hazards.

Getting Around in Azerbaijan