Transport and driving in Democratic Republic of the Congo

The Democratic Republic of the Congo is Africa's second-largest country by area. This is just one of the factors that make travelling difficult. While driving and public transport are viable options for getting around in the cities, travel between major cities is best done via flight. 

Bear in mind that the transport infrastructure and country-wide road network are underdeveloped. Expats should also consider the numerous safety concerns when travelling in the DRC.

Safety in the DRC

Public transport in the DRC

Buses

Several bus services operate between the Democratic Republic of the Congo and its neighbouring countries. However, given the safety concerns, particularly around the border regions, it's best to avoid bus travel across the country.

Buses and minibus taxis also operate in most towns and cities, but they're often overcrowded and poorly maintained, so they should be used with caution.

Boats and ferries

With thousands of kilometres of navigable rivers, water transport is a popular means of getting around in the DRC. The Société Commerciale des Transports et des Ports (SCTP) manages river transports, ports, and railways in the DRC. 

Ferry services operate between Kinshasa and Brazzaville, in the Republic of the Congo, which is located just across the Congo River. Expats can ask the ferry service provider for information on the safety standards. Crossing the river via speedboat is a safer and more pleasant option.

Trains

While there is a railway network in the DRC, including one operating between Kinshasa and Matadi, services are infrequent and unreliable. Despite some rail refurbishment projects by foreign firms operating in the mining sector, there are very few passenger services.

Taxis

You can also get around by taxi in the DRC. Shared minibus taxis and converted truck-buses, known locally as fula fulas, also provide transport in the DRC. 

That said, it's best to contact a known private taxi company rather than hail one off the street. This is a safer and more reliable option for getting a taxi. We also suggest agreeing on a fare before departing.

Useful links

• Transco
• Société Commerciale des Transports et des Ports (SCTP)

Driving in the DRC

Most expats will get around in the DRC by car. Even if places are within walking distance, it's normal to drive to the destination. Whether you drive yourself or hire a driver is another decision to make.

Nonetheless, having a driver is greatly beneficial, as these professionals will be familiar with and able to navigate the local roads. Many companies provide their expat employees with a car as well as a driver. If not, this perk may be negotiated. Alternatively, you can hire a car. Most rental companies only rent cars with a driver.

Although Kinshasa's main streets are relatively clean, chaotic traffic and poorly maintained roads, especially outside the capital city, make driving hazardous. Driving is particularly dangerous during the rainy season from September to May, and road accidents are common. A four-wheel-drive vehicle is best if you're driving outside the main cities, and you should avoid driving at night.

Both official and unofficial roadblocks are common, and expats should ensure that they carry all the necessary documents when travelling. Requests for bribes are not unusual, so caution is advised when dealing with security officials.

Driver's licences

If you want to drive in the DRC, you must get an International Driving Permit (IDP) before arriving there. An IDP is typically valid for a maximum of 12 months. Thereafter, you'll need a local driver's licence. This process is often tedious and bureaucratic, so most expats avoid it. 

Those who are brave enough to go at it will need to undergo written and practical driving tests, which will be in French. You'll also need to provide valid documentation and a residence permit as part of the process. 

Air travel in the DRC

Given the country's vast size and for various safety reasons, it is best to fly between cities in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The two main airports in the country are Kinshasa International Airport (N'djili International Airport) and Lubumbashi International Airport.

Several African and international airlines offer regular services to and from the DRC. Regular charter services also operate within the country. However, Congolese air carriers have a dubious safety record, and expats should choose their carriers carefully.

Useful links

• Kinshasa International Airport