Getting Around in Mumbai

Mumbai, one of India’s most bustling and densely populated commercial hubs, offers a wide array of options for getting around. While comfort might not always be guaranteed, and public transport can get crowded, there’s a mode of transport to suit every route, schedule, and budget.

If you're concerned about your cost of living, public transport is a sensible choice. Private transport is typically the go-to option for those who prefer more privacy and convenience. But, navigating Mumbai’s streets isn’t a walk in the park – many opt to hire a local driver who knows the ropes.

Public transport in Mumbai

If you're moving to Mumbai, you’ll find that the city offers several public transport options. Mumbai’s rail system comprises the metro, the extensive Mumbai Suburban Railway, and a developing monorail network. Buses run frequently across the city, and ferries offer a scenic alternative along the coast.

Trains

Daily commuters in Mumbai often rely on the Mumbai Suburban Railway, which remains one of the city’s most popular modes of transport. The railway operates four main lines: Western, Central, Harbour and Trans-Harbour, covering extensive routes across the city.

First-class carriages are available but can get extremely crowded during rush hours. Despite efforts to improve station and carriage maintenance, you might find the conditions falling short of what you're used to in more developed countries, particularly the lack of air conditioning. Still, the sheer convenience makes it a regular choice for many, though the overcrowding can be off-putting.

Mumbai’s monorail system is gradually expanding, with new prototypes set to join the fleet, promising better frequency and capacity. Although progress has been slow, this addition will ease some of the city’s transport woes.

Metro

The Mumbai Metro has expanded its reach, with several new lines now operational. Notably, Line 2A connects DN Nagar to Andheri West, and Line 7 runs from Dahisar East to Gundavali, significantly improving connectivity in the western suburbs. The existing Line 1, which links Versova in the Western Suburbs to Ghatkopar in the Central Suburbs, remains a vital route, cutting down travel time considerably.

All metro carriages are air-conditioned, providing a much-needed respite from Mumbai's heat. Trains are frequent, with one arriving every three minutes during peak hours and every eight minutes during quieter periods. Expect more frequent trains soon as the network continues to evolve.

Buses

Navigating Mumbai’s bus networks can be challenging if you’re new to the city. Multiple companies, including Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport (BEST) and Navi Mumbai Municipal Transport (NMMT), operate the services with varying routes and schedules.

Buses play a vital role in connecting areas of Mumbai that other transport modes don’t cover. However, overcrowding and traffic jams can be frustrating, making buses a less popular choice among expats. That said, air-conditioned buses are available and are a good option if you prefer to travel by bus. New app-based bus services, such as Chalo and CityFlo, offer a more comfortable experience with fixed routes and guaranteed seating, catering particularly to office-goers.

Ferries

Mumbai’s coastal location makes ferries an appealing option if you enjoy water travel. The iconic Mumbai Harbour, home to the Gateway of India, is a prime spot to catch a ferry. Both public and private ferry services are available, but they’re typically used more for sightseeing than daily commutes.

Popular ferry destinations include the Elephanta Caves, a UNESCO World Heritage Site known for its ancient cave temples dedicated to Shiva. New ferry routes, such as the Bhayandar-Vasai Ro-Ro service, have also been introduced, significantly reducing travel time between Thane and Palghar districts. Additionally, luxury cruise services like the Mumbai-Goa cruise ferry offer a unique and leisurely travel experience.

Useful links

• Mumbai Metro Official Website
• Western Railway Official Website
• BEST Bus Service
• Alibaug Ferry Services
• Mumbai Monorail

Taxis in Mumbai

Taxis in Mumbai are the go-to option for short-distance travel. You can hail a taxi on the street, at taxi ranks, or book one in advance over the phone. All taxis are required by law to have working meters, and it’s essential to insist that your driver uses the meter. If the driver refuses, it’s best to find another taxi.

Recently, taxi fares have been revised, with a new minimum fare and an additional charge per kilometre. Waiting charges also apply, adding a small fee for every minute the taxi is stationary. These rates are effective immediately, and taxis are required to have recalibrated their meters by late 2024. During peak hours and late-night rides, you may encounter additional surcharges.

For those looking for more flexibility, ride-sharing and ride-hailing services like Uber and Ola are widely available in Mumbai. These platforms have also introduced subscription-based plans for drivers, aiming to provide them with more predictable earnings, which could lead to changes in service dynamics.

Auto rickshaws

Auto rickshaws are a common sight across Mumbai’s northern suburbs, zipping through the city’s often congested streets. They’re small, three-wheeled vehicles that offer a cheaper alternative to taxis, but they’re not for the fainthearted. Riding in an auto rickshaw can be quite an adventure, especially if you're not used to the chaotic traffic.

The fare structure for auto rickshaws has also been revised. As with taxis, it’s wise to agree on the fare or ensure the meter is running before setting off.

Useful links

• Maharashtra Transport Department
• Ola Cabs Official Website
• Uber Mumbai

Driving in Mumbai

Driving in Mumbai is not for the fainthearted. The city has recently been ranked the worst in the world for driving, thanks to its infamous traffic congestion and challenging road conditions. Navigating Mumbai’s streets can be a Herculean task, even for seasoned drivers. Many residents prefer to hire a local driver who is familiar with the city’s quirks or rely on ride-hailing services for daily commutes.

If you decide to drive, parking is another challenge. Despite relatively low parking fees, finding a spot can be next to impossible, especially in busy areas. The city is currently reviewing its parking regulations to better manage the growing number of vehicles, but for now, expect a bit of a struggle when it comes to parking.

When it comes to obtaining a driving licence in Mumbai, the process is quite structured. You’ll need to provide proof of identity and residence, pass a written test to get a learner’s licence, and then demonstrate your driving skills in a practical test. Those holding a foreign driving licence can convert it into an Indian licence without going through the learner’s phase, provided they meet the necessary criteria.

Useful links

• Indian Ministry of Road Transport & Highways
• Mumbai Traffic Police

Cycling in Mumbai

Cycling in Mumbai is gaining traction as more people look for healthier, eco-friendly ways to get around. Several cycling initiatives have been launched to make biking a viable option for commuters, offering last-mile connectivity.  Companies such as Yulu continue to expand their bike-sharing services, with their distinctive blue bikes becoming a common sight in certain parts of the city. Despite this, bike lanes remain limited, and the current infrastructure is often inadequate. There are discussions about creating dedicated cycling corridors, but these plans have yet to materialise.

If you're keen on cycling in Mumbai, it's essential to choose your routes carefully. Some of the safest and most scenic routes include Marine Drive, often referred to as the Queen's Necklace and the traffic-free paths of Aarey Milk Colony. For more challenging rides, you might consider exploring Yeoor Hills or cycling through Sanjay Gandhi National Park.

Remember to wear a helmet and stay alert, as the roads can be unpredictable. While cycling is a great way to beat the traffic, safety should always be your priority.

Useful links

• Yulu Bikes

Walking in Mumbai

Walking in Mumbai can be a mixed bag. While it’s one of the best ways to soak in the local culture and explore outdoor markets, the city’s infrastructure isn’t always pedestrian-friendly. Footpaths are often poorly maintained, and in some areas, you might find yourself walking on the road due to encroachments or damaged pavements.

The city has recently taken steps to improve pedestrian safety. The Pedestrians First Policy aims to make footpaths safer and more accessible, particularly for people with mobility challenges. Projects like the restoration of Marine Drive’s footpath have enhanced the walking experience in certain areas with better lighting and seating arrangements.

Despite these efforts, safety concerns remain. Pedestrians account for nearly half of all road accident fatalities in Mumbai. Many footpaths are obstructed by hawkers, forcing you to navigate busy streets instead. Still, walking is one of the most effective ways to beat the city's notorious traffic jams.

If you're looking for pedestrian-friendly areas, consider visiting the Kala Ghoda Precinct, which will soon have pedestrian-only zones on weekends. Popular outdoor markets like Colaba Causeway and Crawford Market are also great for walking, offering a lively atmosphere where you can shop and experience the city’s vibrant street life.