Doing Business in Kazakhstan

With Kazakhstan’s rich oil and gas reserves and rapidly growing economy, you’ll find doing business in Kazakhstan attractive. The country offers significant investment potential, from mineral resources and space technology to agriculture and finance.

Expats in Kazakhstan commonly complain about its labyrinthine bureaucracy. It’s a factor that you should account for when planning business operations. Despite these challenges, Kazakhstan boasts the largest economy in Central Asia, and it’s a strategic hub for regional business expansion.

Fast facts

Business hours

The standard workweek runs from 9am to 6pm, Monday to Friday, with a one-hour lunch break typically starting at 12pm or 1pm. Retail, hospitality and industrial sectors may operate on extended or shift-based schedules. Networking often extends beyond office hours, with business discussions frequently taking place over dinners or tea.

Business language

Russian remains the dominant business language, especially in corporate settings. The official state language, Kazakh, is increasingly used in government and local enterprises. English is gaining importance in multinational corporations, particularly in finance and tech, but is not universally spoken across all industries.

Dress

In corporate, finance, and government sectors, formal business attire is expected – suits, ties, dresses, or business suits. In tech and startup environments, the atmosphere is often more casual, and smart-casual clothing is frequently seen. In more traditional industries or formal situations, conservative dress is advised.

Gifts

Exchanging gifts in a business context is a usual practice and can foster strong connections. Appropriate gifts include high-quality chocolates, corporate souvenirs, or fine pens. Avoid overly expensive gifts, as they may be perceived as bribery, and steer clear of clock-related items, which are considered bad luck. Always present gifts with both hands as a sign of respect.

Gender equality

Kazakhstan has made strides in promoting gender equality, with increasing female representation in middle and senior management. Traditional gender roles remain strong in certain industries, but entrepreneurship among women is on the rise.

Greetings

A firm handshake with direct eye contact is the standard business greeting among men. When greeting a woman, it’s best to let her initiate the handshake or opt for a slight nod if preferred.

In younger, multinational workplaces, informal greetings such as nods or even light hugs are becoming more common. Learning a few Kazakh phrases, such as ‘As-Salamu Alaykum’ (a respectful greeting), can leave a positive impression.

Business culture in Kazakhstan

Meetings

Meetings in Kazakhstan tend to start with casual conversations, as there is an emphasis on personal connections within business. Be prepared for inquiries about your wellbeing and family life before any negotiations begin. Face-to-face meetings are preferred over emails or phone calls, and patience is key – trust must be established before deals progress.

Business people in Kazakhstan are tough negotiators and can be rather loud when engaging in discussions. Stand your ground, but do not argue with a senior officer in public.

Hierarchy

Seniority carries great weight in Kazakhstani business culture. Decision-making is typically top-down, with higher management making critical business choices. Employees look to their supervisors for direction, and a clear respect for rank is expected in interactions.

Hospitality

Kazakhstani hospitality is legendary. You will likely be invited to a business associate’s home at some point. Accepting such invitations is key to building rapport. Bring a small gift, such as sweets or local crafts, but avoid alcohol unless you’re sure your host drinks.

Expect multiple rounds of tea and formal toasts during dinner. Removing your shoes at the entrance is customary, and seating arrangements may reflect hierarchy. Leaving too soon after a meal is considered impolite – stay for tea and engage in friendly conversation.

Dos and don’ts of business in Kazakhstan

• Do ask about your associate’s family and health at the start of meetings
• Don’t rush through small talk – it’s essential to business etiquette
• Don’t ask about ethnicity or political topics
• Do have your business cards printed in English on one side and Russian on the other
• Do maintain eye contact when shaking hands
• Do accept multiple rounds of tea when offered – it’s a key part of relationship-building
• Don’t leave a business dinner too quickly; stay for informal discussions over tea