Weather in Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan, the world’s largest landlocked country, experiences an extreme continental climate with dramatic seasonal shifts. The country is so large and varied that you might find thick snow blanketing the north while the south is already gearing up for the agricultural season.

Spring arrives earliest in southern cities like Almaty, Shymkent, and Taraz, where temperatures begin to climb by late February or early March. In contrast, the northern and central regions, including Astana, remain locked in winter’s grip until late April. As the snow melts, expect muddy streets and overflowing rivers. The freeze-thaw cycle wreaks havoc on roads, and rapid snowmelt sometimes sets off landslides and mudflows in mountainous areas.

Summer in Kazakhstan, from June to early September, can be blisteringly hot, with temperatures frequently exceeding 90°F (32°C). The steppe regions and southern cities often experience heatwaves, and dust storms are common in central and western regions. Thunderstorms roll through Almaty and the mountainous areas, sometimes unleashing heavy hail capable of damaging cars and crops.

Autumn sweeps across Kazakhstan from September to November, painting the landscape in shades of gold and red. This is harvest season and markets are filled with freshly picked apples, melons, and grains. It’s also prime time for hunting in the northern and eastern regions. Almaty experiences mild autumns that linger well into November, but Astana’s autumn is fleeting – one moment, it’s sweater weather, and the next, you’re reaching for a winter coat.

January is the coldest month, with temperatures plunging. In Astana, it’s not uncommon to see -40°F (-40°C) with biting winds that cut through even the warmest coats. Snowfall is heavy and persistent, blanketing the country for months. Living through a Kazakh winter requires preparation. Homes are well-insulated, and locals rely on thick wool coats, fur-lined ushankas (hats), and valenki (felt boots) to stay warm. Cars are winter-readied with mandatory snow tyres, and many vehicles have engine block heaters to survive the extreme cold. 

Efficient snow-clearing efforts keep public transport in cities like Astana and Almaty flowing, but rural areas can be cut off after heavy snowfall. If you’re planning outdoor activities, be aware that extreme cold poses real risks. Frostbite can set in within minutes, and mountain conditions around Almaty can change in an instant, making avalanches a constant danger. Local wisdom says never to leave home without a thermos of hot tea, and if you’re driving, an emergency kit with blankets, food, and a shovel is a must.