Working in Kenya

Kenya's economy has great growth potential, benefitting from a skilled and youthful workforce, constantly improving infrastructure and its geographical location as an economic hub in East Africa. Although expats may have well-paid jobs if employed in Kenya, the reality on the ground can make it difficult to secure employment.

Unemployment levels remain high, and poverty is a major challenge to development. Working in Kenya and earning a decent salary to afford the cost of living can prove difficult if you don't secure a job before arrival. Still, Kenya has one of the largest economies in sub-Saharan Africa, and if you do your research on the job market, you will find a lot of work opportunities.

Job market in Kenya

Kenya, especially Nairobi, is a major business hub. Several multinational companies have set up their African headquarters and main offices there, including Google, General Electric and Coca-Cola. Most expats who work for these multinational corporations move to Kenya on an intra-company transfer.

Industry sectors most likely to employ foreigners include telecommunications, information and communication technology, oil and gas, and exploration and production. Tourism, logistics, agriculture, construction and real estate are other key sectors that external investors are interested in.

The job market in Kenya is driven by a high demand for ICT skills, with significant opportunities in finance, business management, engineering and logistics. However, youth unemployment remains high, and many young people have stopped job hunting due to a lack of opportunities. Informal employment is rising, often offering lower wages and less job security.

Many expats work for foreign embassies and consulates. The host of international schools also sees teachers coming and going as they travel and experience life in Kenya.

There are also volunteer positions in Kenya with government and NGO organisations. The country is a regional hub for non-profit organisations and serves as the administrative centre for the operations of aid organisations in East Africa.

If you are entrepreneurial, you may consider running your own company, and expat start-ups are thriving in Kenya. Twiga Foods and M-KOPA are examples of successful expat-led start-ups. We recommend seeking professional guidance on which sectors allow foreign investment and which do not, as well as additional requirements for starting a business, including minimum start-up capital and the ratio of local Kenyan to foreign shareholders.

Finding a job in Kenya

On the whole, expats rarely show up in Kenya looking for a job. Instead, they are relocated and transferred there or hired from overseas by a company familiar with the immigration and work visa process. These companies usually provide relocation services and support with work permit applications.

Understanding work permits and visa requirements is crucial. Employers often prefer candidates with the necessary permits, so familiarising yourself with these regulations can give you a competitive edge.

Online job platforms, such as BrighterMonday, MyJobMag, LinkedIn and PigiaMe, are some of the best ways to find available positions and send out applications. These searches can be done from abroad or while you are in the country. Directly searching a company’s website is a good idea if you have a specific organisation in mind. 

Networking is key. Leverage existing connections, attend industry events and engage with professional groups on social media. Many positions are filled through referrals, so expanding your network is essential. Expat forums and social media groups can also be beneficial, providing valuable insights and job leads.

Companies hiring expats often provide relocation packages that may include visa and work permit processing, housing assistance and cultural orientation. Some organisations also offer integration programs to help expats adjust to life in Kenya.

Useful links

• BrighterMonday
• LinkedIn
• MyJobMag
• PigiaMe

Work culture in Kenya

If you are an English-speaking expat doing business in Kenya, you should not be too worried about language barriers, as English is widely spoken as a business language. Working hours are typically 8am or 9am to 5pm, Monday to Friday, although banks often close earlier.

Business culture in Kenya emphasises relationships, both personal and professional. Don’t rush work meetings; instead, get to know your business partners and colleagues. Small talk is an essential part of building relationships. Discussing personal topics, such as family or local events, before diving into business is common and appreciated.

Business relationships in Kenya are often built on personal connections and trust. Unlike some Western cultures, where business may be more transactional, Kenyans prefer establishing rapport before engaging in business discussions. Participating in social events and sharing meals can significantly enhance relationship-building.

Kenyan business culture emphasises hierarchy and respect for titles. Individuals are typically addressed by their professional or academic titles, and showing deference to senior members is crucial. Communication tends to be indirect, and it is important to read between the lines. Kenyans may avoid direct confrontation or criticism, valuing harmony over bluntness.

The average workweek in Kenya is approximately 31 hours, shorter than in many Western countries where the average can exceed 40 hours. Despite the shorter hours, the pace of work can vary significantly based on the region. Nairobi tends to be faster-paced than coastal areas like Mombasa, where business is conducted more leisurely.

While punctuality is valued, the concept of 'Kenyan time' suggests flexibility. Meetings may start later than scheduled, and arriving late is often tolerated if communicated in advance. It’s important to be patient and attentive to non-verbal cues, as expats may misinterpret the indirect communication style as evasiveness.

Having a basic understanding of Swahili can enhance rapport and show respect for the local culture. Simple greetings like 'Jambo' can go a long way in establishing goodwill. Language proficiency can help navigate cultural nuances and foster deeper connections with local colleagues and clients.

Common business etiquette practices in Kenya include greeting everyone in the room with a firm handshake and a smile. Business attire is generally formal, and dressing appropriately signifies respect and professionalism. It’s advisable to steer clear of sensitive topics like politics and religion in professional settings to avoid offending anyone.