Transport and Driving in Kenya

Kenya’s public transport infrastructure is underdeveloped. Unless you have lots of time on your hands, travelling by train or intercity bus won't be an option. You'll become accustomed to seeing local Kenyans packed into a matatu or using tuk-tuks or motorcycle taxis to get around. Although using these might be an experience, they're generally unsafe or uncomfortable.

Still, there are other options available. For everyday travel, you can drive or hire a local driver who is familiar with the area and Kenyan driving norms. When it comes to travelling nationally, domestic airlines are the most practical way of getting from A to B.

Public transport in Kenya

Moving to Kenya, you'll find the public transport infrastructure to be somewhat limited. Long-distance buses serve most destinations, but journeys are slow. Train travel is even more restrictive, with just a few services each week.

Buses

Kenya has both local bus services and a large long-distance bus network used by most people travelling within the country. Travelling by bus can be a cost-effective but time-consuming way to get around Kenya.

As bus journeys in Kenya are long and not always comfortable, it's best to travel with an established company that has a modern fleet of vehicles, such as Dreamline Express Limited, Coast Bus or Crown Bus. You should book your ticket in advance, especially for popular routes.

First-class tickets are the best option, as these offer larger seats with additional legroom. Premium services come at a higher cost, but with greater comfort, WiFi, electronic screens for music and films, and USB ports, they're worth it.

Trains

Trains in Kenya have traditionally been more of a tourist attraction than a viable means of transport. However, since 2017, the Mombasa–Nairobi Standard Gauge Railway (SGR) has transformed train travel in the country.

Known as the Madaraka Express, this new service connects Nairobi and Mombasa, reducing the previous old rail network journey of over 12 hours to only four and a half hours. Travelling from the capital to the coast or vice versa, you can save time by taking the SGR train.

Economy-class tickets are affordable, being just under the cost of a long-distance bus ticket for the same route. First-class tickets are also available but at a much higher price.

Matatus

Matatus are privately operated minibuses that cover short or medium distances in Kenya. Vehicles are usually meant to hold no more than 20 people, but some drivers will load more passengers into a single matatu.

While travelling by matatu provides a uniquely Kenyan experience with its colourful décor and loud music, it can be risky. Matatus are often driven badly, with drivers swerving in and out of traffic to get to their destination quickly and stopping suddenly to pick up passengers at the side of the road.

Matatus are the cheapest way of getting around in Kenya, with prices based on distance travelled. Due to safety issues, travelling by local bus or car is a better option.

Tuk-tuks

Tuk-tuks are three-wheeled motorised taxis that can be found in Kenya’s main cities, especially along the coast. They can carry up to three passengers and are a speedy way to get around town.

There are no set prices, so you'll need to get used to negotiating with the tuk-tuk drivers before starting a journey.

Useful links

• Madaraka Express
• Kenya Railways Corporation

Taxis in Kenya

Taxi cabs are easily available in Kenya's large cities. You can hail them on the street or book in advance. Fares should be negotiated before getting into the cab, as meters are often broken or not switched on.

When using taxi cabs, be aware that while they are readily accessible, the quality of service can vary. It's wise to familiarise yourself with standard fare rates for common routes to avoid being overcharged. Choose taxis with working meters when possible, or negotiate the fare upfront if necessary.

Ride-hailing services such as Uber and Bolt are operational in certain parts of Kenya. These services offer the convenience of booking through a mobile app, transparent pricing, and the ability to rate drivers, ensuring a standard of service. However, be prepared for surge pricing during peak times and limited cash payment options.

Useful links

• Uber Nairobi
• Bolt Nairobi

Driving in Kenya

Most expats in Kenya get around by car, as it offers the freedom and flexibility that public transport does not. Still, driving in Kenya is not for the faint-hearted.

Many road users drive aggressively and recklessly, so exercise caution when driving and crossing roads. Dealing with this traffic is by no means stress-free, and roads in certain areas are often potholed and poorly maintained. Although driving through Kenya at your own pace and taking in the scenery sounds ideal, the poor road infrastructure can make it a challenge.

Most global car rental companies have branches in Nairobi and Mombasa. Smaller local rental companies offer more competitive rates but may be less reliable. Many car rental companies offer the option to hire a car with a driver. Once settled in Kenya, you might prefer to buy a car and hire a driver, or your employer may provide both.

If you're wondering if you can drive on your home country's licence, you need to follow up on the latest requirements. Generally, you can drive in Kenya with your valid foreign driving licence or an International Driving Permit for up to three months. Those staying longer must obtain a Kenyan driving licence. This involves creating an e-Citizen account, applying through the National Transport and Safety Authority (NTSA) portal, and providing necessary documents such as your foreign licence, passport, and work permit.

Useful links

• National Transport and Safety Authority (NTSA)

Air travel in Kenya

Domestic flights in Kenya are often the fastest way to get around. Kenya Airways, the national airline, offers daily domestic flights between various cities, as well as international flights. Airkenya is praised for its professionalism and reliability, particularly on routes to popular tourist destinations. Fly540, a budget-friendly option, provides affordable fares but has received mixed reviews regarding service and reliability.

Flight frequencies vary, and delays and cancellations are common. To ensure the safety of your luggage, use secure locks, label your bags clearly, and keep valuables in your carry-on. Consider travel insurance that covers lost or damaged luggage for added peace of mind.

Useful links

• Kenya Airways
• Airkenya
• Kenya Tourism Board

Cycling in Kenya

Cycling is a healthy way to get around in Kenya. You can buy or rent a bicycle locally, or organise shipping to import one from abroad. Joining a cycling tour or connecting with cycling groups through social media is also easy.

Avid cyclists can enjoy fantastic biking paths around mountains and scenic areas such as Riverside Park and Karura Forest. Nairobi offers several cycling routes, especially in suburbs like Karen and Lang'ata. The area around Lake Naivasha, including Hell's Gate National Park, is popular for its beautiful landscapes. Mount Kenya provides challenging terrains and stunning views, ideal for adventurous cyclists.

There are safety issues to be aware of. Always be cautious, especially on unfamiliar routes, and carry enough water. In major cities, be vigilant about traffic, as drivers may not always be mindful of cyclists. Wear a helmet, use visible clothing, and follow traffic rules to stay safe.

Walking in Kenya

Many people walk to get around in Kenya, but this doesn't mean areas are particularly walkable or pedestrian-friendly. Poorly maintained pavements often force foot traffic into the roadways, and there are safety issues such as pickpocketing. It's recommended to walk in groups and avoid walking around at night.

Don't be deterred altogether: if you lead an active lifestyle, you'll be drawn to Kenya's many hiking trails. A popular day hike is Mount Longonot, a dormant stratovolcano. Ngong Hills is another picturesque area great for hiking. For the daring and fit, Mount Kenya awaits, offering the Naro Moru Hike and several campsites for overnight stays.

One of the best ways to familiarise yourself with your new surroundings is by walking. New arrivals can attend walking tours in Nairobi, which highlight the city's rich history and culture.