Work Permits for the Netherlands

If you are an EU citizen, you don’t need a work permit for the Netherlands and don’t face any restrictions when it comes to finding work. However, if you are a non-EU resident, you will encounter a number of restrictions designed to regulate the job market.

Getting a work permit may seem confusing at first, but fortunately, your employer often bears most of the burden.

Types of work permits for the Netherlands

The Netherlands offers two main types of work permits: the employment permit (TWV) and the single permit (GVVA), which combines work and residence permits. If you plan to work in the Netherlands for less than three months, only the TWV is usually required, which your employer applies for. If you are a non-EU/EEA resident planning to work for over three months, you must apply for the GVVA.

In some cases, applying for a work permit through an employer isn’t necessary. Instead, you can apply for a residence permit tailored to your situation or line of work. For instance, if you are self-employed or starting a business in the Netherlands, you must apply for the relevant residence permit. These permits are less common and require detailed proof that your business contributes to the Dutch economy or innovation sector.

Securing health insurance is mandatory for anyone working or residing in the Netherlands. Failure to arrange this within four months can result in fines, and you may be automatically enrolled in a government-assigned plan with limited options.

Understanding Healthcare and Health Insurance in the Netherlands
Visas and Residence Permits in the Netherlands
Working and Finding a Job in the Netherlands

Employment permit

Dutch work permits (TWV) are employer- and job-specific, so if you are a non-EU resident, you must apply through a company. Employers must prove that your skills can’t be found elsewhere in the EU. You may be exempt from these labour market tests if you possess highly sought-after skills or are part of an intra-company transfer.

A Dutch work permit is typically granted for one year, and renewals depend on your circumstances. Extensions must be supported by new applications and evidence meeting all relevant criteria.

Single permit

The single permit (GVVA) simplifies the process by combining work and residence permits into one application. Employers typically handle the GVVA process, working through the Immigration and Naturalisation Service (IND), which coordinates with the Employee Insurance Agency (UWV). This permit is typically valid for up to three years and is particularly useful for longer-term employment arrangements.

The GVVA is frequently used in sectors facing skill shortages, such as IT, engineering, healthcare, and agriculture. These industries often rely on skilled professionals from outside the EU to address workforce gaps and maintain competitiveness.

Highly skilled migrant permit

If you have expertise in a sought-after field, the highly skilled migrant permit might be ideal. Dutch employers can hire you without needing to prove there are no suitable candidates within the EU. This permit streamlines the process for talented professionals and is particularly popular in technology and scientific research roles.

Entrepreneur permit

If you plan to launch a business in the Netherlands, you can apply for an entrepreneur permit. Your business must meet the criteria for innovation and economic viability, and you’ll need to present a solid business plan as part of the application. These permits are designed to attract entrepreneurs who can contribute to the Dutch economy by creating jobs or introducing new ideas.

Applying for a work permit for the Netherlands

Applying for a work permit in the Netherlands involves several steps, and starting early can save you a great deal of hassle. The process varies depending on the type of permit, so it’s necessary to understand the specific requirements for each.

For a TWV, your employer is responsible for the application. They must demonstrate recruitment efforts within the EU, submit your employment contract, and provide evidence of your qualifications. This process typically takes up to five weeks. Either employers or employees can initiate the GVVA application through the IND. Supporting documents, such as proof of income and health insurance, are often necessary.

Key eligibility criteria include having a valid passport, a Dutch employment contract, and qualifications that meet job requirements. Some permits, like the Highly Skilled Migrant visa, also require your employer to be a recognised sponsor with the IND and to meet higher salary thresholds.

If your application is rejected, you can appeal the decision. Submit a written objection to the IND within four weeks, detailing your case and providing supporting evidence. Further appeals can be escalated to the courts, but seeking professional guidance is recommended to get through this process effectively.

Changing jobs

If you wish to change jobs during your stay in the Netherlands, you need to follow specific steps to ensure compliance. EU citizens enjoy freedom of movement, but if you’re a non-EU national, your former and new employers must notify the IND within 28 days. The previous employer needs to submit a termination notification form, while the new employer must provide a notification form along with your employment contract.

Failure to meet these requirements within the 28-day window can lead to administrative fines for employers and potential issues with your residence permit. Keeping all parties informed helps maintain your legal right to live and work in the Netherlands without disruption.

Visa and work permit regulations are subject to change at short notice, so contact your respective embassy or consulate for the most up-to-date information.