Transport and Driving in the Netherlands

Transport in the Netherlands is considered advanced by international standards. Most of the country is connected by an extensive road network as well as trains and buses, while larger cities often have tram and metro services too. Thanks to the efficiency of public transport, it’s easy to get around without a car. If you choose to own a car, you’ll need to consider driving regulations, parking and taxes.

Of course, a discussion on modes of transport in the Netherlands would be incomplete without mentioning the infamous cycling culture. It’s said that the Netherlands is home to more bicycles than people. So, the sooner you get hold of a bicycle, the sooner you’ll feel at home.

Public transport in the Netherlands

The country has an extensive public transport system, and you’ll find that getting around the Netherlands is easy, safe and relatively inexpensive. 9292 remains the go-to platform for up-to-date public transport information in the Netherlands.

The OV-chipkaart system has recently been enhanced for greater convenience. The introduction of OVpay lets you check in and out using a debit or credit card or mobile device, giving you an alternative to the traditional card. The OV-pas is gradually replacing the OV-chipkaart, offering a fully digital solution for public transport that integrates subscriptions and discounts. For those who prefer a physical card, these are still available.

Trains

The Dutch rail network is one of the busiest in the European Union, with trains running between all major cities and across national borders. The main operator, NS (Nederlandse Spoorwegen), recently increased weekly services by 1,800 trains. This expansion improves connectivity on popular routes and reduces waiting times.

There are two main types of trains: intercity trains, which connect major cities directly and quickly, and slower trains that serve smaller stations with more frequent stops. The NS is working on expanding its high-speed line services, connecting cities even more efficiently.

Buses

Bus travel is an excellent way to get around city and regional routes not covered by trains, trams, or the metro. Intercity and international bus services, such as FlixBus, offer affordable travel options for longer distances.

For shorter journeys, public buses often fill gaps in the public transport network. They can be a lifeline in rural areas where other options might be limited, particularly during evenings or weekends.

Metro

Amsterdam and Rotterdam boast comprehensive metro systems that combine elevated tracks outside city centres with underground routes downtown. The RandstadRail Line E integrates light rail with Rotterdam’s metro, connecting the city with The Hague and its surroundings. This makes it easy to travel efficiently within these urban hubs.

Trams

Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague, and Utrecht all have excellent tram systems. Although using trams might feel tricky at first, they offer a fantastic way to explore your surroundings and commute efficiently.

Ferries

Ferries operate in cities like Amsterdam and Rotterdam, providing a scenic and practical way to travel. You can use an OV-chipkaart or OVpay for most ferry services, but always check online for updated routes and payment options. If you’re exploring waterfront areas, ferries can add a touch of adventure to your journey.

Useful links

• Nederlandse Spoorwegen (NS) Official Website
• 9292 Travel Planner
• OV-Chipkaart Official Website

Taxis in the Netherlands

Taxis are less common here due to their cost and limited availability for street hailing. You’ll usually book one via phone, at a taxi stand, or through ride-hailing apps like Uber. Official taxis are easy to spot with their blue licence plates, ensuring a reliable and regulated service. Government regulations, including capped fare rates and mandatory driver licensing, ensure a safe and transparent experience.

Traditional taxi services have adapted to compete with ride-hailing platforms like Uber and Bolt. Many now use proprietary apps for bookings, live tracking, and cashless payments. Companies such as Taxi Centrale Amsterdam (TCA) even offer luxury and eco-friendly ride options, ensuring services remain competitive and diverse.

Useful links

• Taxi Centrale Amsterdam (TCA)
• Uber Netherlands
• Bolt Netherlands

Driving in the Netherlands

Driving has its perks but also its challenges. The country’s excellent road infrastructure and clear signage make it relatively easy to drive, although congestion can be a problem in busy areas. Parking is often expensive, especially in cities, and fuel prices are high.

Many cities offer park-and-ride facilities, letting you park outside the centre and finish your journey by public transport. This is an eco-friendly and often quicker option for commuters.

Getting a car

If you decide to buy or lease a car, be prepared for administrative hurdles. Cars must be registered with RDW, and vehicles over three years old require an annual roadworthiness test. Taxes and insurance costs can be significant, so it’s worth budgeting for these in advance.

Car-sharing services like Greenwheels and SnappCar are increasingly popular alternatives to ownership, especially in urban areas. These services provide flexibility without the high costs of buying or leasing a car.

Driver’s licences

If you hold a valid foreign driver’s licence, you can use it for up to 185 days. After that, check with your local municipality to see if you’re eligible for a licence exchange or need to take the theory and practical driving tests to get a Dutch licence.

Licences from EU/EFTA countries are typically valid for 15 years or until expiry, and some non-EU licences can be exchanged directly if the Netherlands has an agreement with your country. For others, passing both theory and practical exams is required.

Useful links

• Netherlands Vehicle Authority (RDW)
• Greenwheels Car Sharing
• SnappCar Car Sharing

Cycling in the Netherlands

As a cyclist in the Netherlands, you’ll enjoy unparalleled infrastructure, including dedicated bike paths, traffic signals, and lanes. If the thought of taking up cycling feels overwhelming, you can even take a few lessons to get started.

Cycling highways are being constructed across the country to connect urban and rural areas, encouraging longer commutes by bike.

If you plan to bring a bike on public transport, check the rules. Generally, folding bikes are allowed on trams and buses, while trains often require pre-registration for full-sized bicycles.

Theft is a common issue, so always lock your bike securely to a stand or other immovable object. Many locals recommend second-hand bikes for their value.

Getting a bicycle

Second-hand bicycles are cost-effective, but if you prefer a new one, consider taking out insurance to protect your investment. Renting is also easy, with services like OV-fiets offering flexible options as part of the integrated public transport system.

Useful links

• OV-Fiets Bicycle Rentals
• Dutch Government Cycling Policies

Air travel in the Netherlands

Amsterdam Airport Schiphol is the Netherlands’ primary hub, with regional airports like Eindhoven and Rotterdam The Hague serving as alternatives. These airports are well-connected by public transport, making them easy to reach.

Domestic flights are rare due to the country’s small size and excellent transport links, but international flights are abundant, with budget carriers and flagship airlines offering diverse options for travellers. Public transport connections to airports are seamless, with facilities accommodating travellers with disabilities and early-morning flights.

Useful links

• Amsterdam Airport Schiphol
• Rotterdam The Hague Airport
• Eindhoven Airport